ABB – ABB to power Samskip’s new hydrogen-fueled container vessels

EMR Analysis

More information on ABB: See full profile on EMR Executive Services

More information on Björn Rosengren (Chief Executive Officer, ABB): See full profile on EMR Executive Services

More information on Onboard DC Grid™ by ABB: https://new.abb.com/marine/systems-and-solutions/power-generation-and-distribution/onboard-dc-grid + Onboard DC Grid™ is a modular power system platform, that enables simple flexible and functional integration of energy sources and loads. The system platform is highly customizable for the simple to the most demanding applications, covering the low to mid-power range. Onboard DC Grid™ streamlines the building of next generation power systems.

More information on ABB Ability™: See full profile on EMR Executive Services

More information on Juha Koskela (Division President, ABB Marine & Ports Division, ABB): See full profile on EMR Executive Services

 

More information on Samskip Group: https://www.samskip.com/ + Samskip is a global logistics company offering transport and related services by land, sea, rail and air with a particular focus on cost-efficient, reliable and environmentally friendly transport.

With an annual turnover of over EUR 900 million, Samskip is now one of the larger European transport companies, with offices in more than 24 countries in Europe, North and South America, Africa, Asia and Australia, employing approximately 1700 people around the world.

Samskip is headquartered in the Netherlands but was originally founded in Iceland in 1990. Since then, Samskip has produced consistent organic growth complemented by strategic acquisitions.

Samskip’s transportation and logistics activities focus mainly on the following sectors: European multimodal transport, North Atlantic integrated logistics, worldwide temperature-controlled & ambient cargo forwarding and logistics, and finally European breakbulk and project cargo movements.

More information Kari-Pekka Laaksonen (Chief Executive Officer, Samsking Group): https://www.samskip.com/about-us/company/a-global-logistics-company/get-to-know-our-company/ + https://www.linkedin.com/in/kari-pekka-laaksonen-63a0347a/ 

More informatoin on Erik Hofmeester (Head of Fleet Management, Samskip Group): https://www.linkedin.com/in/erik-hofmeester-8504976/ 

 

More information on Cochin Shipyard Ltd: https://cochinshipyard.in/ + Cochin shipyard is one of the leading shipbuilding & repair yard in India, which has an infrastructure that combines economy, scale, and flexibility, and has ISO 9001 accreditation. CSL also has an exclusive area set for offshore construction and future expansion.

As one of the India’s top 10 public sector undertakings, CSL has been rated excellent by the Government of India, four times in a row for achieving the targets set for the yard under the MOU system

With specialised industry knowledge and superior resources, CSL has constantly unfolded new levels of excellence in shipbuilding and ship repair. As a technology leader in India, CSL has adopted the Japanese Integrated Hull Outfitting and Painting system (IHOP) for its new construction, which gives a clear edge to CSL in the field of fabrication of commissioning of accommodation modules & topside modification.

More information on Shri Madhu S Nair (Chairman & Managing Director, Cochin Shipyard Ltd): https://cochinshipyard.in/board-of-directors + https://www.linkedin.com/in/madhu-s-nair-4675469/

 

More information on the International Maritime Organization (IMO): https://www.imo.org/en/ + IMO – the International Maritime Organization – is the United Nations specialized agency with responsibility for the safety and security of shipping and the prevention of marine and atmospheric pollution by ships. IMO’s work supports the UN SDGs.​

 

More information on ENOVA: https://www.enova.no/ + Enova SF is owned by the Ministry of Climate and Environment. We will contribute to a faster transition to a low-emission society.

Enova must be a flexible and adaptable organization. The operation of Enova, and the management of the Climate and Energy Fund, must be as cost-effective as possible. In this way, the funds we receive can be used to the greatest extent possible to achieve our goal: realizing projects that contribute to Norway meeting its climate commitments and transitioning us to a low-emission society.

The funds we manage are allocated from the Climate and Energy Fund, and distributed between agreed activities and administration fees. It is the latter that make up the operating accounts for Enova SF. Contracted activities are specified as a separate accounting line in the preparation of the allocation report for the Climate and Energy Fund. The framework for the administration fee is determined by the Ministry of Climate and the Environment in the annual assignment letter we receive.

The follow-up and measurement of cost-effectiveness in management is carried out in several ways, and follow-up can be complex. Our organization strives for good cost control at the same time as we continuously work on streamlining and digitizing our processes. Good and targeted work over several years has had positive effects on our cost development. In particular, compared to developments in the consumer price index, changes to our assignment agreement and the number of applications.

 

More information on IEA (International Energy Agency): https://www.iea.org + The IEA is at the heart of global dialogue on energy, providing authoritative analysis, data, policy recommendations, and real-world solutions to help countries provide secure and sustainable energy for all.

The IEA was created in 1974 to help co-ordinate a collective response to major disruptions in the supply of oil. While oil security this remains a key aspect of our work, the IEA has evolved and expanded significantly since its foundation.

Taking an all-fuels, all-technology approach, the IEA recommends policies that enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy. It examines the full spectrum issues including renewables, oil, gas and coal supply and demand, energy efficiency, clean energy technologies, electricity systems and markets, access to energy, demand-side management, and much more.

Since 2015, the IEA has opened its doors to major emerging countries to expand its global impact, and deepen cooperation in energy security, data and statistics, energy policy analysis, energy efficiency, and the growing use of clean energy technologies. 

More information on Net Zero: https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050 + The number of countries announcing pledges to achieve net zero emissions over the coming decades continues to grow. But the pledges by governments to date – even if fully achieved – fall well short of what is required to bring global energy-related carbon dioxide emissions to net zero by 2050 and give the world an even chance of limiting the global temperature rise to 1.5 °C. This special report is the world’s first comprehensive study of how to transition to a net zero energy system by 2050 while ensuring stable and affordable energy supplies, providing universal energy access, and enabling robust economic growth. It sets out a cost-effective and economically productive pathway, resulting in a clean, dynamic and resilient energy economy dominated by renewables like solar and wind instead of fossil fuels. The report also examines key uncertainties, such as the roles of bioenergy, carbon capture and behavioral changes in reaching net zero.

More information on Dr. Fatih Birol (Executive Director, International Energy Agency): https://www.iea.org/contributors/dr-fatih-birol

 

 

EMR Additional Notes:

• What is Hydrogen? (Source: Hydrogeneurope.eu)
  • The atom of hydrogen is the first element in the periodic table, with chemical symbol H and the first element created after the Big Bang. It is the most common substance in the universe and the richest energy source for stars like the sun. It consists of one proton (a core unit of positive charge) and one electron (negative charge).
  • Hydrogen doesn’t exist naturally on Earth. Since it forms covalent compounds with most non-metallic elements, most of the hydrogen on Earth exists in molecular forms such as water or organic compounds. Combined with oxygen, it is water (H2O). Combined with carbon, it forms methane (CH4), coal, and petroleum. It is found in all growing things (biomass).
  • Hydrogen (H2) is the most abundant element on earth but it rarely exists alone, therefore it is produced by extracting it from its compound.
  • Hydrogen can be produced in numerous ways. Some methods produce CO2 while others are carbon free.
  • H2 can be renewable or decarbonized if produced using renewable or carbon free electricity.
  • Hydrogen has the highest energy content of any common fuel by weight.
  • Hydrogen is a high e­fficiency, low polluting fuel that can be used for transportation, heating, and power generation in places where it is di­fficult to use electricity or as a CO2 neutral feedstock for chemical processes (ammonia-fertilizers).
• Grey, Blue or Green Hydrogen? (Source: International Energy Agency)
  • There is a growing international consensus that clean hydrogen will play a key role in the world’s transition to a sustainable energy future. It is crucial to help reduce carbon emissions from industry and heavy transport, and also to provide long-term energy storage at scale.
  • Researchers have found that clean hydrogen still costs too much to enable it to be widely deployed. Prices may not come down sufficiently until the 2030s, according to some estimates. But despite the uncertainty surrounding the future of clean hydrogen, there are promising signs that it could become more affordable sooner than expected.
  • Where the hydrogen comes from is important. At the moment, it’s mainly produced industrially from natural gas, which generates significant carbon emissions. That type is known as “grey” hydrogen.
  • A cleaner version is “blue” hydrogen, for which the carbon emissions are captured and stored, or reused.
  • The cleanest one of all is “green” hydrogen, which is generated by renewable energy sources without producing carbon emissions in the first place.

• What is an hydrogen Electrolyzer?:
  • An electrolyzer is a system that uses electricity to break water into hydrogen and oxygen in a process called electrolysis. Through electrolysis, the electrolyzer system creates hydrogen gas.
  • Steam at the cathode combines with electrons from the external circuit to form hydrogen gas and negatively charged oxygen ions. The oxygen ions pass through the solid ceramic membrane and react at the anode to form oxygen gas and generate electrons for the external circuit.

 

• Grid, Microgrids and DERs:
  • The power grid is a network for delivering electricity to consumers. The power grid includes generator stations, transmission lines and towers, and individual consumer distribution lines.
  • The grid constantly balances the supply and demand for the energy that powers everything from industry to household appliances.
  • Electric grids perform three major functions: power generation, transmission, and distribution.
  • A microgrid is a small-scale power grid that can operate independently or collaboratively with other small power grids. The practice of using microgrids is known as distributed, dispersed, decentralized, district or embedded energy production.
  • Smart Grid is any electrical grid + IT at all levels . Micro Grid is a group of interconnected loads and DERs (Distributed energy resources) within a clearly defined electrical and geographical boundaries witch acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the main grid.
  • Distributed energy resources (DERs) are small-scale electricity supply (typically in the range of 3 kW to 50 MW) or demand resources that are interconnected to the electric grid. They are power generation resources and are usually located close to load centers, and can be used individually or in aggregate to provide value to the grid.
  • Common examples of DERs include rooftop solar PV units, natural gas turbines, microturbines, wind turbines, biomass generators, fuel cells, tri-generation units, battery storage, electric vehicles (EV) and EV chargers, and demand response applications.
  • Distributed energy resources management systems (DERMS) are platforms which helps mostly distribution system operators (DSO) manage their grids that are mainly based on distributed energy resources (DER).
  • DERMS are used by utilities and other energy companies to aggregate a large energy load for participation in the demand response market. DERMS can be defined in many ways, depending on the use case and underlying energy asset.

 

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2):
  • Primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities. Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere through burning fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil), solid waste, trees and other biological materials, and also as a result of certain chemical reactions (e.g., manufacture of cement). Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere (or “sequestered”) when it is absorbed by plants as part of the biological carbon cycle.
• Decarbonization:
  • Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions through the use of low carbon power sources, achieving a lower output of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere.

 

• Global Warming: Global warming is the long-term heating of Earth’s climate system observed since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s atmosphere.
• Global Warming potential (GWP): 
  • The heat absorbed by any greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, as a multiple of the heat that would be absorbed by the same mass of carbon dioxide(CO2). GWP is 1 for CO2. For other gases it depends on the gas and the time frame.
  • Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e or CO2eq or CO2-e) is calculated from GWP. For any gas, it is the mass of CO2 which would warm the earth as much as the mass of that gas. Thus it provides a common scale for measuring the climate effects of different gases. It is calculated as GWP times mass of the other gas. For example, if a gas has GWP of 100, two tonnes of the gas have CO2e of 200 tonnes.
  • GWP was developed to allow comparisons of the global warming impacts of different gases.
• Greenhouse Gas (GHG):
  • A greenhouse gas is any gaseous compound in the atmosphere that is capable of absorbing infrared radiation, thereby trapping and holding heat in the atmosphere. By increasing the heat in the atmosphere, greenhouse gases are responsible for the greenhouse effect, which ultimately leads to global warming.
  • The main gases responsible for the greenhouse effect include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor (which all occur naturally), and fluorinated gases (which are synthetic).

• Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC):
  • Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are a group of industrial chemicals primarily used for cooling and refrigeration. HFCs were developed to replace stratospheric ozone-depleting substances that are currently being phased out under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
  • Many HFCs are very powerful greenhouse gases and a substantial number are short-lived climate pollutants with a lifetime of between 15 and 29 years in the atmosphere.

 

 

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2):
  • Primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities. Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere through burning fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil), solid waste, trees and other biological materials, and also as a result of certain chemical reactions (e.g., manufacture of cement). Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere (or “sequestered”) when it is absorbed by plants as part of the biological carbon cycle.
• Decarbonization:
  • Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions through the use of low carbon power sources, achieving a lower output of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere.