Honeywell – Net Zero Coalition Expands Membership to 10 Companies, Unveils American Innovation Showcase at U.S. Center at COP28
- New members Baker Hughes, Boeing, Carrier and United Airlines join the Corporate Coalition for Innovation & Technology toward Net Zero (CCITNZ) to help countries meet their decarbonization and climate change goals.
- The U.S. Center at COP28 will feature an exhibit titled “U.S. Innovation: Pathways toward Net Zero” from CCITNZ members and partners.
Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Nov. 28, 2023 – The Corporate Coalition for Innovation & Technology toward Net Zero (CCITNZ), a cross-sector business alliance dedicated to helping countries meet decarbonization and climate change goals through innovation and technology, is proud to welcome the addition of four new members: Baker Hughes, Boeing, Carrier and United. Announced last year at COP27, these companies join founding members Bechtel, GE, GM, Invenergy, Honeywell and Johnson Controls.
Baker Hughes
“The need for transformative partnerships in addressing climate action has never been more urgent,” said Lorenzo Simonelli, Baker Hughes Chairman & CEO. “Increasing global energy needs must be met while simultaneously reducing emissions urgently. At Baker Hughes, our business is built on partnerships and service. Today, we know this matters more than ever as we work to balance the energy trilemma of security, sustainability, and affordability. We believe it will take energy producers, technology and service providers, energy purchasers, policymakers, and the community at large to work closely together to tackle the urgency and scale required to achieve a lower-emissions future.”
Boeing
“Boeing is committed to working together across industries to provide safe, innovative, data-driven solutions to decarbonize aviation,” said Chris Raymond, Boeing Chief Sustainability Officer. “We’re honored to join this Coalition so we can learn from one another and implement break-through technologies that will ultimately support our stakeholders’ ambitious climate goals.”
Carrier
“Sustainability is at Carrier’s core, and we continue to introduce industry-leading products that help our customers achieve their sustainability targets while decarbonizing the planet for generations to come,” said David Gitlin, Carrier Chairman & CEO. “We are honored to be a part of this Coalition of industry leaders who share the same vision and commitment as Carrier in helping to solve some of the world’s most complex climate challenges. Looking ahead, Carrier will continue to be a catalyst for positive and sustainable change as we innovate and drive toward the critical transition to renewable energy.”
United
“United is taking bold action to combat climate change, and technology and innovation are at the core of our company’s strategy to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050,” said Lauren Riley, United Chief Sustainability Officer. “Decarbonizing airplanes presents a unique set of challenges. That’s why we’re using every tool available – from investing in sustainable aviation fuels, to electric and hydrogen powered aircrafts, to cutting-edge battery technology. This multi-pronged approach allows the airline to make bets on climate tech that will be ready in the coming decades, while also identifying technology that can more immediately help reduce our carbon footprint.”
The U.S. Center at COP28 will feature an exhibit titled “U.S. Innovation: Pathways toward Net Zero” from CCITNZ members and partners. The interactive multimedia exhibit will demonstrate how American innovation, the Inflation Reduction Act, and other U.S. and global policies are contributing toward global climate goals. The digital experience will showcase breakthrough technologies and groundbreaking projects. CCITNZ members and partners also spotlight how public-private partnerships can encourage the development of innovative solutions across the energy, transportation, infrastructure, agricultural and other sectors to promote long-term sustainable progress.
Members of CCITNZ are leaders in their industries and are making significant contributions towards the coalition’s objectives of advancing innovation and technology; private, public and social sector partnerships; energy security; policy; and serving as a resource to governments and other stakeholders as they seek to achieve their decarbonization and climate change goals.
In the past year, members continued to advance new projects and technologies, including:
- Baker Hughes: In 2019, Baker Hughes became one of the first companies in our industry to make a public commitment to reduce our operational emissions by 50% by 2030 and achieve net-zero by 2050. As an energy technology company, Baker Hughes is committed to taking energy forward, making it safer, cleaner, and more efficient for people and the planet; we believe that our energy technology helps industry advance on the path to net-zero and a sustainable energy future. During COP28, Baker Hughes will be showcasing at its pavilion in the Energy Transition Hub, its climate technology solutions including those related to hydrogen, carbon capture, utilization, and storage, geothermal, emissions abatement and digital. The pavilion will feature a live demo of NovaLT™16, the company’s 100% ready hydrogen turbine, and Nemesys’ (an Italian startup where Baker Hughes is a 30% stakeholder since February 2022) next-generation electrolyzer technology.
- Bechtel: Bechtel is heading a coalition that is partnering with the Egyptian government and the private sector on several projects to decarbonize existing oil and gas facilities across the country. At the Egyptian LNG export terminal, we are studying zero-flaring technologies to reduce methane emissions. We are also studying options to improve efficiency and cut emissions and fuel use at the Idku Energy Hub by replacing two standalone electric systems with one that can power both the LNG terminal and an onshore gas processing plant. Most recently, Shell engaged us to develop decarbonization options to cut emissions from West Delta Deep Marine Gas Plant in half by 2030 and between 60-80% by 2040.
- Boeing: Boeing supports our industry’s bold climate commitments so we can achieve a more sustainable aerospace future together. At the U.S. Center at COP28, Boeing will highlight its publicly available emissions modeling tool, the Cascade Climate Impact Model that helps assess aviation’s pathways for decarbonization; 10 years of its flight-test program ecoDemonstrator as well as its newly launched Explorers that test individual technologies with partners; the X-66 that has been designated by the U.S. Air Force as part of NASA’s Sustainable Flight Demonstrator (SFD) project helping the U.S. achieve its goal of net-zero aviation GHG emissions; SAF scaling efforts across six continents as well as the development of Jet Reference Fluids and collaboration with suppliers to reach its commitment to deliver commercial airplanes compatible with 100% SAF by 2030. Working with aviation, energy, policy and finance sectors to advance a more sustainable aerospace future together, Boeing will also underscore its World Energy Council membership, being the first aerospace company to join the organization.
- Carrier: Carrier is accelerating the shift toward electrification, more connected technologies and environmentally responsible refrigerants – helping customers reduce their carbon footprint and meet their sustainability goals by improving energy efficiency in buildings, homes and across the cold chain. At the U.S. Center at COP28, Carrier will highlight its Abound suite of solutions, which currently monitors more than 1 billion square feet of commercial space, aggregating data to provide building owners, operators and occupants transparency into relevant and contextual insights about air quality, occupancy, energy management and more. Carrier’s work to expand the cold chain – improving health outcomes and reducing hunger, food insecurity and carbon emissions – will also be on display through its partnership with the United Nations World Food Programme. Since 2020, Carrier has helped customers avoid ~270M metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions, which is equal to the annual energy use of more than 27 million U.S. homes.
- GE: GE is committed to a transformative era of action and is delivering state-of-the-art technology to help reduce emissions today while simultaneously investing in breakthrough technologies for a lower carbon future. At the U.S. Center at COP28, GE Vernova will showcase how the company is electrifying and decarbonizing the world by accelerating renewables through its newest 3.4 MW onshore wind turbine, decarbonizing gas turbines with hydrogen and carbon capture, developing advanced nuclear technologies like the BWRX-300 small modular reactor, and modernizing and digitizing the grid. GE Aerospace will highlight how the company is inventing the future of flight by delivering greater fuel efficiency than the previous generation with the GE9X jet engine, supporting the industry’s move towards approval and adoption of 100 percent sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), and developing a hybrid electric propulsion system.
- GM: GM’s journey to a more sustainable, electric future has never been more important than it is today. GM understands that climate change is an urgent priority, and is advancing toward its bold goal to become carbon neutral in its global products and operations by 2040. GM has also secured 100 percent of the renewable energy needed to power its U.S. sites and facilities by 2025 and is working to do so globally by 2035. At the U.S. Center at COP28, GM will be showcasing its progress towards a zero emissions future, underscored by innovation and collaboration. This feature will highlight an exciting electric vehicle line up, an investment made in offshore wind catching technology through Wind Catching Systems, efforts to strengthen charging infrastructure and the commitments made by GM to First Movers Coalition to procure low carbon sheet steel and aluminum by 2030.
- Honeywell: Honeywell’s technology portfolio is aligned with three global megatrends – Energy Transition, Automation and the Future of Aviation. At COP28 Honeywell is engaging government and industry stakeholders on these themes, and the cross-sector collaboration and technologies needed to help decarbonize hard-to-abate industries and aerospace. In 2023 Honeywell announced its eFining technology, which uses captured CO2 to open new feedstock pathways for Sustainable Aviation Fuel, as well as Honeywell Ionic, a compact, end-to-end modular battery energy storage system. Honeywell is pioneering sustainable travel by making its widely adopted aircraft auxiliary power units (131-9 APUs) more efficient and building hydrogen fuel cells to power uncrewed aerial vehicles. Additionally, Honeywell’s electric propulsion system will be a critical enabler of the emerging Advanced Air Mobility industry. The company is also deploying innovative emissions and energy management automation technologies for buildings and industry and advancing proven carbon capture and hydrogen solutions to help drive a sustainable energy transition.
- Invenergy: Invenergy is accelerating the transition to clean energy. As a leading clean energy developer, operator and owner, Invenergy spearheads significant global infrastructure projects to achieve a clean, reliable and secure electric grid. An inaugural member of the First Movers Coalition committed to progress on green steel, Invenergy recently joined Rocky Mountain Institute’s Sustainable Steel Buyers Platform, which aggregates the demand of North American companies for low-emissions steel to enable joint purchasing and collective impact. At the U.S. Center CCITNZ exhibition at COP28, Invenergy will showcase its portfolio of transmission projects, spotlighting those in New York state and Uruguay, which will connect renewable power to areas of high energy demand. Invenergy will also highlight its solar, wind and advanced energy storage projects in Mexico and the United States which deliver reliable, clean energy and economic benefits to its local communities.
- Johnson Controls: Johnson Controls is tackling the nearly 40% of global greenhouse gas emissions that come from buildings by deploying energy-efficient equipment, clean electrification and digitalization. At the U.S. Center at COP28, we are showcasing OpenBlue, a complete ecosystem of connected technologies, expertise and services that saves money and creates a new class of smart buildings that are secure, healthy and sustainable. We’re also focused on driving customer outcomes, particularly for our OpenBlue Pioneers, customers that have substantially decreased energy use and emissions in their own buildings. We’re highlighting our investments to lower emissions and waste in our own facilities and the positive impact we’re having to build and develop the future sustainable workforce through programs like our Community College Partnership Program.
- United: At United, we believe the airline industry needs to be bolder when it comes to climate change. That’s why we were the first airline to commit to net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, without relying on carbon offsets. Our strategy is centered around four key pathways: reducing our environmental footprint with investments in Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), innovating for potentially transformative carbon reduction technology, removing carbon emissions in the atmosphere, and collaborating with employees, customers, airports, suppliers, cross-industry partners, and policymakers to facilitate faster action and the commercialization of technology solutions concerning climate change. Through our two corporate venture funds, United became the first airline to invest in electric flying taxis, the first to invest in electric airplanes, the first to invest in hydrogen-powered engines, and has invested in more sustainable fuel production than any other airline – more than 5 billion gallons.
SourceHoneywell
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More information on Honeywell: See the full profile on EMR Executive Services
More information on Vimal Kapur (Chief Executive Officer, Honeywell): See the full profile on EMR Executive Services
More information on the Corporate Coalition for Innovation & Technology toward Net Zero (CCITNZ): No website yet + Six global companies form alliance to achieve world’s climate goals. The initiative has been launched by Bechtel, GE, GM, Honeywell, Invenergy, and Johnson Controls at the COP27 summit. Intend to act on the objectives of CCITNZ, which are innovation and technology, partnership, and energy security, policy, and resource. CCITNZ has been working behind the scenes since its creation in late 2021 and is dedicated to helping countries meet decarbonization and climate change goals through innovation and technology.
Baker Hughes, Boeing, Carrier and United Airlines join the Corporate Coalition at the COP28 in November 2023.
More information on Net Zero by 2050 by the United Nations: https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/net-zero-coalition + Put simply, net zero means cutting greenhouse gas emissions to as close to zero as possible, with any remaining emissions re-absorbed from the atmosphere, by oceans and forests for instance.
Currently, the Earth is already about 1.1°C warmer than it was in the late 1800s, and emissions continue to rise. To keep global warming to no more than 1.5°C – as called for in the Paris Agreement – emissions need to be reduced by 45% by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050.
More than 140 countries, including the biggest polluters – China, the United States, India and the European Union – have set a net-zero target, covering about 88% of global emissions. More than 9,000 companies, over 1000 cities, more than 1000 educational institutions, and over 600 financial institutions have joined the Race to Zero, pledging to take rigorous, immediate action to halve global emissions by 2030.
More information on COP28 – Climate Change Conference (30 November to 12 December 2023, Dubai, United Arab Emirates): https://www.cop28.com/ + The 28th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 28) to the UNFCCC will convene from 30 November to 12 December 2023. It will take place in the United Arab Emirates.
In the three decades since the Rio Summit and the launch of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Conference of the Parties to the Convention (COP) has convened member countries every year to determine ambition and responsibilities, and identify and assess climate measures. The 21st session of the COP (COP21) led to the Paris Agreement, which mobilized global collective action to limit the global temperature increase to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels by 2100, and to act to adapt to the already existing effects of climate change.
More information on Dr. Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber (President-Designate, COP28 UAE + Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology, UEA + Managing Director and Group Chief Executive Officer, ADNOC): https://www.cop28.com/en/cop28-presidency#leadership + https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-sultan-al-jaber/
More information on Bechtel: https://www.bechtel.com/ + Bechtel helps our customers deliver projects of purpose that create a lasting positive legacy. These are projects that create jobs and grow economies; improve the resiliency of the world’s infrastructure; connect communities to resources and opportunity; get us closer to net zero; protect U.S. and allied interests; tackle critical environmental challenges to protect people and the planet; and accelerate progress to make the world a cleaner, greener, safer place.
While expertise enables delivery, partnerships ensure long-term success, which is why we align everything we do to our customers’ goals.
Since 1898, we have helped customers complete more than 25,000 projects in 160 countries on all seven continents.
More information on Brendan Bechtel (Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Bechtel): https://www.bechtel.com/about-us/leadership/brendan-bechtel/ + https://www.linkedin.com/in/brendanbechtel/
More information on GE: https://www.ge.com + General Electric Company (General Electric, GE or the Company) is a high-tech industrial company that today operates worldwide through three segments: Aerospace, Renewable Energy, and Power. Our products include commercial and military aircraft engines and systems; wind and other renewable energy generation equipment and grid solutions; and gas, steam, nuclear and other power generation equipment. We have significant global installed bases of equipment across these sectors, and services to support these products are also an important part of our business alongside new equipment sales.
In November 2021, we announced a strategic plan to form three industry-leading, global, investment-grade public companies from (i) our Aerospace business, (ii) our Renewable Energy, Power, Digital and Energy Financial Services businesses, which we plan to combine and refer to as GE Vernova, and (iii) our former HealthCare business. In July 2022, we announced the new brand names for our three planned future companies: GE Aerospace, GE HealthCare and GE Vernova. For purposes of this report, we refer to our reporting segments as Aerospace (previously Aviation), HealthCare (previously Healthcare), Renewable Energy and Power. The composition of these reporting segments is unchanged. On January 3, 2023, we completed the separation of the HealthCare business from GE through the spin-off of GE HealthCare Technologies Inc. (GE HealthCare). In the spin-off, GE made a pro-rata distribution of approximately 80.1% of the shares of GE HealthCare’s common stock to GE shareholders, retaining approximately 19.9% of GE HealthCare common stock. This spin-off marked the culmination of our first business separation in accordance with the November 2021 strategic plan, and we are working toward the planned spin-off of GE Vernova.
Total Revenue for FY 2022: US$ 76,555M at +3%
More information on H. Lawrence (Larry) Culp, Jr. (Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, GE + Chief Executive Officer, GE Aerospace): https://www.ge.com/about-us/leadership/profiles/lawrence-culp + https://www.linkedin.com/in/larry-culp/
More information on GM: https://www.gm.com/ + We stand together to drive the world forward. Everybody in.
Headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, with employees around the world, General Motors is a company with global scale and capabilities.
General Motors (NYSE:GM) is a global company focused on advancing an all-electric future that is inclusive and accessible to all. At the heart of this strategy is the Ultium battery platform, which will power everything from mass-market to high-performance vehicles. General Motors, its subsidiaries and its joint venture entities sell vehicles under the Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, Cadillac, Baojun and Wuling brands.
- Employing over 155,000 people
- Serving six continents
- Operating across 22 time zones
- With a diverse workforce speaking 75 languages
- 2022 Revenue: US$ 156.7bn
More information on Mary T. Barra (Chair and Chief Executive Officer, GM): https://www.gm.com/company/leadership.detail.html/Pages/bios/gm/Mary-Barra + https://www.linkedin.com/in/mary-barra/
More information on Invenergy: https://invenergy.com/ + Invenergy is a leading privately held, global developer and operator of sustainable energy solutions. We are powered by decades of entrepreneurial experience and unparalleled execution. We provide power generation and storage solutions at scale around the world to create a cleaner energy future.
More information on Michael Polsky (Founder and Chief Executive Officer, Invenergy): https://invenergy.com/our-people/leadership + https://www.linkedin.com/in/michael-polsky-65868aa7/
More information on Johnson Controls: https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/ + Johnson Controls is a world leader in smart buildings, creating safe, healthy and sustainable spaces.
For nearly 140 years, we’ve made buildings better and now we’re transforming them again with our award-winning digital technologies and services. We’re using artificial intelligence and data driven solutions to give you deeper insight into your building’s health, sustainability and performance. It’s changing the way we design, operate and maintain indoor environments and driving to a new era of autonomous buildings.
We deliver the blueprint of the future for industries such as healthcare, schools, data centers, airports, stadiums, hotels, manufacturing and beyond through OpenBlue, our comprehensive suite of connected solutions.
Johnson Controls offers the world’s largest portfolio of building technology, software and services. Supported by a team of more than 100,000 dedicated employees working across 150 countries, we’re helping customers achieve their sustainability goals and power their mission.
More information on George Oliver (Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Johnson Controls): https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/about-us/leadership + https://www.linkedin.com/in/george-oliver-6613125/
More information on Baker Hughes: https://www.bakerhughes.com/ + We are the leading energy technology company. We design, manufacture and service transformative technologies to help take energy forward.
Baker Hughes (NASDAQ: BKR) is an energy technology company that provides solutions to energy and industrial customers worldwide. Built on a century of experience and conducting business in over 120 countries, our innovative technologies and services are taking energy forward – making it safer, cleaner and more efficient for people and the planet.
More information on Lorenzo Simonelli (Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Baker Hughes): https://www.bakerhughes.com/company-leadership?team_list=46 + https://www.linkedin.com/in/lorenzo-simonelli/
More information on Boeing: https://www.boeing.com/ + As a leading global aerospace company, Boeing develops, manufactures and services commercial airplanes, defense products and space systems for customers in more than 150 countries. As a top U.S. exporter, the company leverages the talents of a global supplier base to advance economic opportunity, sustainability and community impact. Boeing’s diverse team is committed to innovating for the future, leading with sustainability, and cultivating a culture based on the company’s core values of safety, quality and integrity.
With corporate offices near Washington, D.C., Boeing employs more than 140,000 people across the United States and in more than 65 countries. This represents one of the most diverse, talented and innovative workforces anywhere. Our enterprise also leverages the talents of hundreds of thousands more skilled people working for Boeing suppliers worldwide.
More information on David L. Calhoun (President and Chief Executive Officer, Boeing): https://www.boeing.com/company/bios/
More information on Christopher Raymond (Chief Sustainability Officer, Boeing): https://www.boeing.com/company/bios/ + https://www.linkedin.com/in/christopher-raymond-8b0310181/
More information on Carrier: https://www.carrier.com/carrier/en/worldwide/ + https://www.corporate.carrier.com/ + Carrier is the leading global provider of healthy, safe and sustainable building and cold chain solutions with a world-class, diverse workforce. From the beginning, we’ve led in inventing new technologies and entirely new industries. Today, we continue to lead because we keep customers at the center of every product and service we offer and we act quickly to exceed their expectations. Through our performance-driven culture, we are driving shareowner value by growing earnings and investing strategically to strengthen our position in the markets we serve.
- $20.4B 2022 Net Sales
- 100+ New Products for the 8th consecutive year
- 75+ Brands
- ~52,000 Employees
More information on David Gitlin (Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Carrier): https://www.corporate.carrier.com/our-company/leadership-team/ + https://www.linkedin.com/in/david–gitlin/
More information on United: https://www.united.com/en/gb + United’s shared purpose is “Connecting People. Uniting the World.”
At United, Good Leads The Way. With U.S. hubs in Chicago, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, New York/Newark, San Francisco and Washington, D.C., United operates the most comprehensive global route network among North American carriers, and is now the largest airline in the world as measured by available seat miles.
United Airlines Holdings, Inc., the parent company of United Airlines, Inc., is traded on the Nasdaq under the symbol “UAL”.
- United has the most comprehensive route network among North American carriers
- A modern fleet which is the most fuel-efficient among U.S. network carriers (when adjusted for cabin size)
- Industry-leading loyalty program that provides more opportunities to earn and redeem miles worldwide
- Optimal hub locations, including hubs in the four largest cities in the United States
- Approximately 70,000 employees reside in every U.S. state and in countries around the world
More information on Scott Kirby (Chief Executive Officer, United): https://ir.united.com/management/j-scott-kirby + https://www.linkedin.com/in/jscott-kirby/
More information on Lauren Riley (Chief Sustainability Officer, United): https://www.linkedin.com/in/lauren-riley2/
More information on the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act (IRA): https://www.epa.gov/green-power-markets/inflation-reduction-act + https://www.wri.org/update/brief-summary-climate-and-energy-provisions-inflation-reduction-act-2022 + The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA) is the most significant climate legislation in U.S. history. IRA’s provisions will finance green power, lower costs through tax credits, reduce emissions, and advance environmental justice.
The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which was signed into law in August 2022, will cut Americans’ energy costs, create good jobs and transform U.S. efforts to address the climate crisis. It is the largest single step that Congress has ever taken to address climate change. The IRA includes nearly $370 billion in investments in disadvantaged communities, prioritizing projects that repurpose retired fossil fuel infrastructure and employ displaced workers, setting the U.S. on a course toward a fair, equitable and economic clean energy transition.
EMR Additional Notes:
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2):
- Primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities. Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere through burning fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil), solid waste, trees and other biological materials, and also as a result of certain chemical reactions (e.g., manufacture of cement). Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere (or “sequestered”) when it is absorbed by plants as part of the biological carbon cycle.
- Biogenic Carbon Dioxide (CO2):
- Carbon Dioxide released as a result of the combustion or decomposition of organic material, that is biomass and its derivatives. Examples include carbon dioxide released during the combustion of wood and biogas generated by decomposition.
- Biogenic Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) are the same. Scientists differentiate between biogenic carbon (that which is absorbed, stored and emitted by organic matter like soil, trees, plants and grasses) and non-biogenic carbon (that found in all other sources, most notably in fossil fuels like oil, coal and gas).
- Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS):
- CCS involves the capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from industrial processes, such as steel and cement production, or from the burning of fossil fuels in power generation. This carbon is then transported from where it was produced, via ship or in a pipeline, and stored deep underground in geological formations.
- CCS projects typically target 90 percent efficiency, meaning that 90 percent of the carbon dioxide from the power plant will be captured and stored.
- Decarbonization:
- Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions through the use of low carbon power sources, achieving a lower output of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere.
- Carbon Footprint:
- There is no universally agreed definition of what a carbon footprint is. A carbon footprint is generally understood to be the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are directly or indirectly caused by an individual, organization, product, or service. These emissions are typically measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e).
- In 2009, the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol) published a standard for calculating and reporting corporate carbon footprints. This standard is widely accepted by businesses and other organizations around the world. The GHG Protocol defines a carbon footprint as “the total set of greenhouse gas emissions caused by an organization, directly and indirectly, through its own operations and the value chain.”